Pollutant

Physical State

Emissions for g/kg Wood

Health Effects

Carbon Monoxide

V

80-370

Poison: resulting change of oxyhemaglobin carboxyhemoglobin. Tissue hypoxia, cellular death, damages to the central nervous system, death. Causes reproductive toxicity. Reduces ability of blood to bring oxygen to body cells and tissues; cells and tissues need oxygen to work. May be particularly hazardous to people who have heart or circulatory (blood vessel) problems and people who have damaged lungs or breathing passages.

Methane

V

14-25

VOCs (C2-C7)

V

7-27

Volatile Organic Compounds cause serious health problems such as cancer and other effects. All VOCs contain carbon. They can cause serious human illness. Hazardous. Causes ozone. Ozone causes breathing problems, reduced lung function, asthma, irritates eyes, stuffy nose, reduced resistance to colds and other infections, may speed up aging of lung tissues. Causes fatigue, generalized depression, increased lethargy or sleep, headaches, substernal pressure, generalized aches and accelerated cardiac action.

Aldehydes

V

0.6 -5.4

Formaldehyde

V

0.1- 0.7

The gas is toxic if inhaled or absorbed through the skin and is carcinogenic.

Acrolein

V

0.02- 0.1

Toxic, Bronchopneumonia, aveolitis, swelling and hemorrhaging of tiny vessels.

Propionaldehyde

V

0.1- 0.3

Toxic, Inhalation:
Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath. High concentrations can cause pulmonary edema.

Butryaldehyde

V

0.01-1.7

Acetaldehyde

V

0.03 - 0.6

Toxic: degeneration of olfactory epithelium, liver lesions, nasal cancer, growth retardation.¹⁶

Furfural

V

0.2-1.6 1.6

Irritates mucous membranes, causes headaches and photosensitivity and affects sugar metabolism.

Substituted Furans

V

0.15 -1.7

Benzene

V

0.6-4.0

Colorless volatile liquid. Harmful by transdermal absorption and acutely toxic by ingestion or inhalation, causing mucous membrane irritation, neurological symptoms, and death due to respiratory failure; chronic exposure may result in bone marrow depression and anemia. Causes reproductive toxicity.

Alkyl Benzenes

V

1-6

Toluene

V

0.15 -1.0

Toulene is a well known addictive substance. (Glue sniffing) It gives feelings of intoxication. Causes sleepiness, dizziness, headache, muscular weakness, confusion, impaired co-ordination, and visual impairment. It is neurotoxic causing neurobehaivioral changes. Causes changes in liver and kidneys, erosion of the nose, degeneration of respiratory tract skin. Chronic abuse causes damage to the brain in the cerebral area and causes brain stem atrophy. Causes reproductive toxicity. Accumulates in blood and subcutaneous fat if insufficient clearance time between exposures. Irritates eyes and upper respiratory tract.

Acetic Acid

V

1.8 -2.4

Irritant

Formic Acid

V

0.06-0.08

More irritating than acetic acid. Dangerously caustic to the skin.

Nitrogen Oxides (NO,NO2)

V

0.2-0.9

Lung damage. Illnesses of breathing passages and lungs (respiratory system

Sulfur Dioxide

V

0.16-0.24

Insecticide. Breathing problems, may cause permanent damage to lungs.

Methyl chloride

V

0.01-0.04

Toxic

Napthalene

V

0.24-1.6

Toxic, Carcinogenic.

Substituted Napthalenes

V/P

0.3-2.1

Toxic

Oxygenated Monoaromatics

V/P

1 - 7

　Guaiacol (and derivatives)

V/P

0.4-1.6

Inhalation:
May cause irritation to the respiratory tract.

Phenol (and derivatives)

V/P

0.2-0.8

Poison: colic, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, shock, respiratory arrest. Toxic, tremors, lower fetal body weight, possible skin carcinogen, EPA Inhalation data insufficient.

Syringol (and derivatives)

V/P

0.7-2.7

　Catechol (and derivatives)

V/P

0.2-0.8

Toxic

Total Particle Mass

P

7-30

　Particulate Organic Carbon

P

2-20

Toxic

Oxygenated PAHs

V/P

0.15-1

　PAHs

V/P

Toxic

Fluorene

V/P

4x10-5 - 1.7x10-2

　Phenanthrene

V/P

2x10-5 - 3.4x10-2

Also in coal. It is toxic and carcinogenic.

　Anthracene

　V/P

　5x10-5 - 2.1x10-5

　Toxic

Methylanthracenes

V/P

7xl0-5 - 8x10-5

Fluoranthene

V/P

7xl0-4- 4.2xl0-2

　Toxic

Pyrene

V/P

8x10-4 - 3.1x10-2

　Toxic

Benzo(a)anthracene

V/P

4x10-4 - 2x10-3

Toxic, probable human carcinogen. DNA damage and Gene mutation in mammalian cell cultures.

Chrysene

V/P

5x10-4x10-2

　Toxic

Benzofluoranthenes

V/P

6x10-4- 5x10-3

　Toxic

Benzo(e)pyrene

V/P

2x10-4 - 4x10-3

　Toxic

Benzo(a)pyrene

V/P

3x10-4- 5x10-3

　Toxic, Highly carcinogenic.